About Licia Dal Pozzo Licia Dal Pozzo is an advocate based in Milan, Italy. Her speciality is in criminal law, with experience in handling a range of subject matters including cybercrime, IP enforcement, tax crimes and corporate crimes. Contact Licia Dal Pozzo Founder Studio Legale Dal Pozzo Viale Abruzzi, 7 - 20131 Milano MI, Italy Tel: +39 02 2941 1289 Fax: +39 02 2040 2080 E: info@studiodalpozzo.net www.studiodalpozzo.net The technological development required by cybercrime punishment changed the process; today, cyber data has become the centre of it. first appeared in 2006 in reference to the war in Lebanon. The technique progressed, for example with ISIS, and today it is recurring. The cyberattack strategy is one of the offensive means and represents the most damaging and broadest level of conduct that falls under cybercrime. The effects are highly damaging and effective for the attacker, but the tools of defence are not ready yet. For example, in Italy, spear-phishing campaigns against local media and various organisations operating mostly in the IT, energy, finance and refugee assistance sectors were recorded in late 2022, according to a 2023 Microsoft report on techniques and tactics adopted by Russia against Ukraine and NATO countries. International law is stuck with a classical notion of war, meant in the kinetic sense, which excludes any cyberattacks from the area of prohibition of the use of violence. First of all, it is necessary to develop amendments to the law, and it is also relevant that not only every state, but also both large and small companies, implement effective systems of resistance and resilience towards this type of aggression, which is increasingly frequent and very dangerous. Do you have any further comments that you would like to add regarding cybercrime in your jurisdiction? I will end with a mention of hybrid warfare, which is not only relevant to my jurisdiction but also to it. The term THOUGHT LEADER 95
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