examining its multifaceted impact on human societies. The most immediate consequences of climate change – rising sea levels, extreme weather events, prolonged droughts and water shortages – have direct implications for human livelihoods. For instance, the loss of agricultural land due to desertification or coastal inundation will lead to food shortages. Similarly, diminished freshwater resources will exacerbate already existing tensions in waterscarce regions. These impacts can result in large-scale human displacement, leading to what are termed ‘climate refugees’. The migration of populations can, in turn, lead to ethnic or resource-based clashes in host regions like the EU. While quantifying the full magnitude of conflicts exacerbated by climate change is complex, many fear its potential scale may surpass historical conflicts including WWII. Consider the religious wars of the 16th and 17th centuries in Europe. These wars, while extensive in their destruction and societal impact, were regionally concentrated and primarily ideologically driven. In contrast, climate-induced conflicts would have both ideological and resourcebased drivers and would span across continents, given the global nature of the issue. However, it is essential to be realistic but not fatalistic. Unlike the inevitability of certain historic wars rooted in deepseated animosities, the worst effects of climate change – and thus the conflicts it might engender – can hopefully still be mitigated. The global community’s response to climate change in the coming decades will shape the extent to which it becomes a catalyst for global conflict. Diplomacy, sustainable development and international cooperation play crucial roles in minimising potential hostilities. However, as the world grapples with the effects of a changing climate, it must also prepare for its implications for global peace and security. What role will mediation play as this occurs? Do you believe that ADR will be more widely adopted as a means of addressing these new conflicts? Climate change demands an immediate and unified global response. Given its multidimensional nature – engaging nations, corporations, indigenous communities, NGOs and others – it is inevitable that disputes and conflicts emerge. Mediation, alongside other ADR techniques such as facilitated negotiation, conciliation and arbitration can play a pivotal role in effectively addressing these disputes. By fostering global collaboration, promoting dialogue and propelling action, these techniques can reshape our approach to the climate crisis. 1.Promoting global collaboration: Climate change is undeniably a global issue that transcends national borders. It is not confined to the territories of EXPERT INSIGHT 53 Mediation, alongside other ADR techniques such as facilitated negotiation, conciliation and arbitration can play a pivotal role in effectively addressing these disputes.
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